It started with three little red dots, an Orion's belt on my arm. "Spider bites," I told myself. But out of curiosity, I asked my roommate whether she had any bites too.
"Oh yeah, a bunch, actually," she said, and proceeded to show me clusters of bites on her stomach, arms and legs.
"Why haven't you said anything until now?!" I asked.
"They don't itch, I didn't think they were anything to worry about," she said. If there's a hall of fame for famous last words, this probably deserves a spot on the wall. What ensued were weeks of largely sleepless nights punctuated by nightmares galore, and blood, sweat, tears, public shaming and the ceaseless bagging up of everything I owned.
According to a 2009 article in the Journal of the American Medical Association, in half of all bedbug cases, people will not show any visible marks, which, scary. You may have them now and not know it!
For that other 50%, reactions will vary. They may or may not itch, they may be small and red or larger and blotchy. "Bites are often noted in linear groups of 3, sometimes called ‘breakfast, lunch, and dinner,'" it is often noted.
I learned if you shift slightly or breathe deeply as they're feeding on you, they think you've woken up and start to head back to the mattress, but when you stop moving, they then stop to finish their meal. My Orion's belt was a bed bug three-course meal.
Other frightening facts: they know when you're in your deepest sleep, so often feed about 2 hours before sunrise; they can find you by your breath because they sense and hunt out carbon dioxide; you'll almost never feel them biting you because they inject into you their saliva, which contains an anesthetic, while they withdraw the blood of their host; they can live for a full year or more without feeding, though a recent study by an entomologist out of Virginia Tech reported that newer generations of pesticide-resistant (?!) bedbugs survived only two months without feeding.
The good news? They aren't known to spread diseases! At least not yet.
For me, it wasn't enough to see the bites. I wanted a visual that bugs were living in my bed. I read that they hide in the corners of your mattress and box spring. You may not see the bugs but you'll see the fecal spots they leave behind (eww), which look as if someone took a fine-tipped sharpie to the seams of your mattress.
Google Image search results inevitably show the worst possible scenarios, no matter what you're looking up, but because I caught them early (no thanks to my roommate), mine looked like this, not like this. At this point, though I still hadn't seen any bed bugs, I knew what they looked like. Hours and hours poring over photos on the internet and I'd become a sort of self-taught expert. They are rust colored, leaf shaped, vary in size (from 1mm up to 5mm), flat and they have visible ridges across their backs.
If you have no bites and you see nothing on your mattress, you're probably in good shape. If you're still worried, don't call in the beagles yet. Try this cheap, do-it-yourself test that lures bedbugs with the carbon dioxide that dry ice emits.
So, I realized that my apartment was infested. Because never breathing again is not an option, I sought a solution.
Here is a short list of things that you should absolutely not do. Not only do these things not solve your problem, they're expensive and time consuming.
1. DO NOT PANIC. Panicking leads to doing all of the things on this list.
2. Do not throw away your mattress. Even if you put a sign that says, "bedbugs!" on it, you never know who might pick it up, including someone else in your building, which means you're making the problem bigger for yourself.
3. Do not buy a new mattress. If you haven't thoroughly attended to the rest of your belongings, they'll find your new mattress in no time.
4. Do not move. You'll probably move them with you.
5. Do not bring all your clothes to the dry cleaner. It's pointless, see above.

There are however a number of cheap ways to start combating the problem.
1. Get carpet tape (that's the thick, double-sided stuff) and roll a line of it in your apartment doorways, which will keep them from getting in or out of your room/apartment. (Some have suggested outlining your bed with it, which seems extreme and is not aesthetically pleasing but would work as a preventive measure.)
2. Put the legs of your bed in small plastic containers and put ½ an inch of baby oil in the containers, which will keep bugs from getting into or out of your bed (they're not good climbers).
3. Invest in mattress covers to cover your mattress and box spring.
4. Buy a gallon or so of rubbing alcohol and some spray bottles. Rubbing alcohol is your new best friend. It not only kills bed bug eggs, but also works as a repellent to keep them from laying new ones, and keeps them from biting you at night.
However, whatever the Internet says about being able to conquer the bugs all by yourself, I wouldn't try it. Just as it's unwise to get cut-rate Lasik, or fly to Mexico for plastic surgery, the risks outweigh the cost of paying a good professional.
My roommate had been working at a restaurant and the owner there recommended Mario to us. He was no-nonsense and comforting. He assured us that we weren't dirty people and that we had nothing to be ashamed of. Just last week he'd seen a bedbug crawling on a guy's shirt on the subway (oof) so really, you can get them any place! This somehow managed to make me feel both better and not-at-all better at the same exact time.
Before he could come and spray (fumigating almost never works in one shot, he said, and heating/freezing all your things costs a fortune and requires days in extreme temperatures, either below 10 degrees or above 115 degrees Fahrenheit), we had to take every object we owned, spray it thoroughly with rubbing alcohol, and bag it. Electronics could be given a once over with alcohol wipes. All clothes had to be put in the dryer for 10 minutes and bagged.
"When I get there," he informed us, "I want all the bags in the center of each room, leave suitcases out, mattresses uncovered, all shelves and dressers empty. I will not touch your apartment unless this is done." Yes, sir!

Over the course of the next week, as I carried load after load of laundry up and down my 5th floor walkup to the corner laundromat, I couldn't think of anything worse that could happen to a person, short of terminal illness or loss of a limb. Even then, I assumed this had a silver lining: "Hey! Less body area to feast on!"
I sprayed myself head to toe in rubbing alcohol each night. I slept without covers and kept a flashlight next to my bed so that when I woke up in the middle of the night (I was being startled awake by nightmares several times an evening, go figure), I could try to catch them in the act. Why? I don't know. Too afraid to kill a bug with my bare hands, I'd probably have just flicked it onto something else to burrow in.
Every morning I'd spend fifteen minutes inspecting every inch of my body to see whether a bite I had was a new one or not (some people mark them with pens, but that seems, to me, to call more attention to them than necessary).
You start looking for bedbugs on strangers on the train. You start imagining what kind of people let them get to the point at which piles of them are found in corners, and mattresses are covered like beehives. I was afraid to tell people I had bedbugs, afraid that if they knew, they wouldn't want me in their houses. I wouldn't blame them.
Bedbugs are, in a word, traumatic. But little by little, the bags started to accumulate. It turned out to be a great excuse to clean house. Any clothes that weren't worth carrying up the four flights of stairs after their cleansing trip in the dryer went straight into a Salvation Army bin outside the laundromat. I invested in those vacuum seal bags, which conveniently also saved me a ton of storage space! I felt good knowing that all the clothes I was wearing were sealed in bags that no bug could penetrate.
Vintage, delicates and things with sequins went to the dry cleaner-but even then, you have to tell them you have bedbugs and then they may request you take your business elsewhere, which is humiliating.

But guess what? There are worse things than being humiliated at the dry cleaner. Like, say, getting bed bugs.
Mario showed up a week later and nodded his approval. He surveyed the place with eyes that rivaled your average predatory bird. From the doorway he'd spot something across the room, walk briskly to a random spot of floorboard, and with his index finger would swipe up a bug no bigger than the head of a pin. He'd show it to me and then crush it between his fingers, leaving nothing but a spot of blood between them.
He was a machine. And the problem was worse than I'd thought. Though all small, there were bugs in rooms that nobody slept in, in places we never saw them. He tore the cheap fabric from the bottom of my boxspring and I saw, for the first time, the bugs in my bed. They had managed to climb through the goddamn seams!
Mario sprayed like crazy, every inch, up and down the walls, drenched my suitcase, drenched my mattress-and in the end, he said he was fairly confident he got them all.
We were instructed to let the mattress dry for 24 hours, to sleep somewhere else for the night and to cover them the minute we got back. We weren't allowed to wash the floor or walls for at least two months and were advised to keep our stuff in bags for same amount of time.
It's four years later, and I've lived to tell the tale. Looking back, despite the unbelievable hassle and the nightmares and all, I think I got off easy. I had some 12 bites in total, with no severe allergic reaction to them. We caught the problem fairly early. I live in a neighborhood where 10 minutes in a dryer only costs a quarter. What's more, I've been bedbug-free ever since.
Even now though, I keep the legs of my bed in little containers with oil in them. Sounds crazy, right? Well, it's a small price to pay for some peace of mind.
Jasmine Moy lives in New York City and suggests you use extreme caution before Google Image searching the subject at hand.
Previously: Bedbugs: Is No One Safe? One Woman's Story.
Top photo by pbump, from Flickr.
Second mattress photo by Commodore Gandalf Cunningham, from Flickr.
Photos of bagged clothes by proud bedbug survivor cuttlefish, from Flickr.

This was in no way comforting.
I mean: INVISIBLE BEDBUG BITES????
Can I crash at your place tonight? They are doing something in my building.
I read somewhere that if you are not allergic to their saliva/venom(?) you won't have a reaction to their bites and won't see them.
@kitten -- I have to wonder if this is true. I can't believe I have never been bitten by one or seen one in my entire life but it seems to be the case...
OMG, right?! Ridiculous! Set up a dry ice trap! ;)
Where are the n00dz?
So can I ask a question that never seems to get answered in these stories? What did this all actually COST you? The endless bags, the laundry, the exterminator? It seems like there's no way to get away from these things without dropping something like $800, which is potentially ruinous to most of us young broke New Yorkers.
The exterminator was $300 which I split with my roommate. The mattress covers were $30, the vacuum bags were cheap. Rubbing alcohol is like the last affordable thing in Manhattan, like 60 cents a bottle! The physical effort was greater than the cost!
The exterminator's fee should be paid by the land lord. Mattress covers are at least $80.00 but they are well worth it because cheaper covers (like vinyl) will break. Dry-cleaning and laundry are what's going to cost you the most after that, probably around $200 -- $400 depending on how much you have to send to the cleaners.
In an ideal world with a responsible landlord, he will! Mine blamed me for bringing them into the building even thou, as I found out later, the people downstairs had them for a year and did nothing about it and that asshole KNEW. As a lawyer, I'd say: sue! But in reality the time it takes to do that isn't remotely worth the billable time I'm sacrificing so I let it go.
You're a lawyer, with no bed bugs?
*Call me
jasmine
hey do you have the number for mario by any chance?
I would like to say that all of this bedbug coverage is absolutely terrifying, and I live 250 miles away from the epicenter. Also, I am itchy by nature, so I have already convinced myself I am covered in invisible bites.
I am like this too. I have also found out that Ohio has a super super bad problem with them. Also the Dept of Defense is being consulted for the development of a new pesticide. I want to fumigate everyone that comes over, but I think that would be rude. Maybe I will make them stay out on the porch with some dry ice before letting them in.
If I ever see a single bedbug in my apartment I am going to the black market and buying napalm. That'll teach 'em a lesson.
DDT
Bedbugs are resistant to DDT. It actually makes the problem worse as it knocks out their predators.
Including humans. DDT'll kill ya dude.
Hold me.
And then look at ___ and tell me if they are bites?!
This may help.
http://www.geekologie.com/2008/02/29/bed-trap.jpg
The reason they bite close together is because they're following the veins.
Every mosquito bite I have found on my person this summer has filled me with unreasonable bedbug terror. Whenever my dog scratches, I part her hair and hunt to make sure she just has dry skin.
The flea horror stories...the bedbug horror stories...
Could somebody who is safely wrapped in plastic please give me a reassuring hug?
Two years ago, I came home from a vacation early to have to a job interview. The day before, I woke up with bites on my back and flipped out, staying up all night and seeming like a junkie running dry in said interview. Only later did I discover that they were mosquito bites; no, I was not offered the position.
Can we have The End now, please?
"We had to take every object we owned, spray it thoroughly with rubbing alcohol, and bag it. Electronics could be given a once over with alcohol wipes. All clothes had to be put in the dryer for 10 minutes and bagged."
What about books?
I was wondering the same thing. Put them in the oven?
I still think a centipede patrol is a good idea!
Books you can spray with alcohol. It doesn't damage leather and dries fast so pages won't wilt. If the problem is big, bag them up for the year...
Now there's a device called "pack-tight" which is suppose to heat delicates (like books) safely to the bed-bug killing temperature without damaging them.
By the time one discovers a bed bug problem, haven't they already spread into adjoinging apartments (or, more likely, they came from another apartment in the first place)? How long after one eradicates them will they "seep" back in?
That's why I keep the legs of my bed in baby oil. Without anything to feed on, they'll leave/die/at least not reproduce. Keep them from getting into your bed, you're safe. I'm sure other apartments in my building have them still...
Here is the answer to the book problem:
http://www.packtite.com/
Mario's contact, PLEASE
Maybe my downstairs neighbor is friends with homeless prostitutes
I called Mario who said that I wasn't allowed to publish his number (he can barely handle the clients he has now) but that I could give it out on a selective basis. Visit my blog and e-mail me if you ever actually need him, which I hope you never do...
i've never had bedbugs, but two years ago I had lice and I felt the exact same way.
My little sister was 9 and there was an epidemic at her school. I felt humilliated, like somehow this could NOT happen to an adult.
My hair was super long, thick and just..A LOT,so my mother had to cut it. I'm quite dramatic, but I honestly thought that the nigthmare would last forever. It took more than a month to be totally lice-free and I'm still paranoic every time I brush my hair.
They also leave moldings or casings that look like toasted sesame seeds. So, if you're sweeping under your bed and find an errant sesame seed check the rest of your bed.
If you're sweeping under your bed you have worse problems than bugs.
I forgot about the nightmares. Jarring myself awake every night thinking that I could feel something crawling on me, knowing that you can't.
*shiver*
I've lived in NY for 10 years and have come across Bed Bugs way too many times! I think the government should take measure to start to eradicate Bed Bugs as they are multiplying
Joe - http://www.bed-bugs.info
First comment posted across the #7000 barrier! I feel like there should be a bedbug-shaped cake.
For the record, it's been only 39 days since the first trans-#6000 comment, compared with 54 days to get from trans-#5000 to trans#6000.
And any reference to old Looney Tunes features is purely coincidental.
(Yes, I'm bored.)
I actually 100% brag to people about being #8 which wouldn't have happened had I not stumbled across it just after they'd fixed their commenting registration...
As a resident of semi-rural Northern California, I think I'm missing something about the whole bed bugs thing. Why is it The Worst? If 50% of people don't even react to the bites, what's the big deal? I feel like I should be more afraid because of everyone else's fear.
Because it means you have bugs climbing on you and FEEDING on you at night, which, GROSS.
Also, if you left them unattended you'd bring them everywhere so spare your friends?
And if you own, that'll totally fuck up your resale value. Just sayin'
Congrats on finally losing the bugs.
Bedbugs are an absolute nightmare. They are Hell. I don't know if I'll ever be the same.
http://notsleepingtight.com/
i used to crash at a friend's place in Bklyn a while ago. The building was notoriously infested with bedbugs. My friend's room was thankfully free of them...or so i thought. I got bit 4 times and my reaction to them was HORRIBLE. I had tremendous swelling, redness, and the itching was BEYOND INTENSE. Also, there was incredible pain..so much i had to ice the areas. 2 on my left arm by my elbow and the other 2 in the exact location on my right arm. to this day, any itchiness i experience while laying down in MY bed, i attribute to bed bugs....i don't have 'em though. at least now i know that i REACT and will do so everytime i get bit. uggh.
There is nothing more terrifying about shared living than bedbugs, and I say that as someone whose flatmate once brought home scabies.
Thanks for this article. Earlier this summer, I was going through this too. My parents helped me tear my bed apart, but i didn't find any conclusive evidence of them. My house is 100 years old though so there are many places they could be hiding. I haven't had any bites lately, but I know they can go for a long time without any human happy meals. Can you explain how you used the dry ice to draw them out? I really want to try that. Didn't putting rubbing alcohol on your skin dry it out/irritate it? Thanks for the tips and YES internet research on this subject is scary!
I haven't tried the dry ice thing, but you put it in a jug and then put the jug in a pet food bowl but then you have to make a ramp out of paper/cardboard so the bugs can get in the bowl (but once they're in, they won't be able to get out). Seems if you make it in the evening and leave it until the dry ice evaporates, you'll find bugs in the bowl if you have them...
Rubbing alcohol didn't irritate my skin at all. I didn't put it on my face though, which is probably most sensitive. Use an astringent instead.
But really, if they're not in your bed, you probably don't have them! Which is good news!
We used heat treatment. Cost $1000 for an 1100 sq ft apartment. They came in one day. it was surprisingly easy. We had to put medicine anything else that could melt in the refrigerator. and that was it. They came in with giant heaters, got the apt. up to 140 degrees. they showed up at 8 in the morning. the left at 6 at night.
gotta say, if i had to do it all over again, this is definitely the route i'd go. no sprays. no tape. no plastic.
one day and you're done. in the end probably costs relatively the same amount of money after all the sprays and hassle.
@Mdundee where did you find a heat treatment provider for $1000
i had lice earlier this year (got it from my 11-year-old sister after a visit home - thanks, kathryn!), so i feel for you. one of the signs i had (and ignored for about 3 weeks) was swollen lymph nodes in my armpits. i wonder if bedbugs could have a similar effect.
Very helpful post, and thank you for sharing.
I googled to find out any precautions that I can take when traveling (will not be staying in a hotel, so am not worried about that aspect), but am concerned about my bags on the 'plane and (paranoid) about something getting on/in my luggage. Do you think applying rubbing alcohol would help?
Alcohol can't hurt! But the key is to immediately clean/spray and throw your stuff in the dryer the minute you get back. Like, strip when you walk in and bag all your shit up and spray the hell out of your luggage. You'll be fine!
Taking your clothes to Salvation Army is irresponsible. You are just passing off the bed bugs to someone else.
I cleaned them first, read more carefully!
Isolating your bed is a good idea, but it isn't enough to prevent the bed bugs from reaching you. As many sufferers have unhappily learned, they are clever enough to climb the walls and drop onto the bed from the ceiling.
Wow. I just read this and all I have to say is that every bed bug story, including my own, is always freaking traumatizing. I think what's worse than having bugs crawl on you is knowing you have a ton of work to do just to get rid of them. You def got lucky with only 12 bites. I got bit over fifty times, I'm allergic to them, and some of my scars won't heal for years to come. At the time, I used to be randomly paranoid of bed bugs crawling on me, and I would wake up in the middle of the night for no reason. It ruins your life in the most imperceptible way possible.
i'm just coming off a very similar situation. thank you for posting pictures of your mattress. i also found it extremely frustrating searching for pictures online of less than worst case scenarios. my question is since your roommate had already experienced lots of bites how did her mattress look??
You know, I didn't actually look at hers. She didn't find any larger bugs either, I know that for sure. A few small ones i think..but there were a bunch more in her boxspring too.
@Jasmine Exactly what kind of treatment did Mario use
What kind of bites would be going in an almost straight line on either side of the rib cage down to the outside of the legs?
Simultaneously glad and horrified that I read this ... I found a similarly marked up mattress on my street corner last week and FLIPPED SHIT. I think I'm safe. For now ...
I used to live downtown in a small apartment... One night my Roommate saw a bedbug... We didnt think of anything bad but we kept seeing them over the next months. Finally the landlords which were drunks of course called the exterminator and he sprayed a week later or so... I definitely have long lasting damage from this... I cant fall asleep easily my whole body is itchy. I check my walls mattress every before falling asleep. trust bedbugs makes you go crazy! Also i just got color in my tattoo and i am allergic to the red ink and itchy spots around the tattoo didnt help at all my paranoia
I have been involved in pest control now for over twenty years and we have developed a system for treating and eradicating Bedbugs successfully. Our preparation sheet is very detailed and if the client has not prepapred the property properly our technicians refuse treatment. Over the years we have seen some pretty horrible sights but one infestation I will never forget. We pulled up outside a bedsit in North London and had to inspect a property as the landlord told us they were getting bitten. On inspection of the property we found a few bedbugs here and there nothing out of the ordinary. When we inspected the floor above we were shocked to see over 5000 Bedbugs. This poor guy hadnt bothered to report it and just left it for five years. It has to be the most horrific infestation of Bedbugs we have ever seen.
If you are interested in treating bedbugs yourself or want some more info about treatments this site has some expert tips http://pestcontrolexpert.wordpress.com/2010/10/19/getting-rid-of-pests/
By now you've probably heard more than you ever cared to hear about Bed Bug Bites, particularly after last week's update on whether infestations are covered by homeowners' insurance.
I have just determined that we have bed bugs and Jasmine your article was the first thing that gave me hope. My mother-in-law came down to visit from New York and her apartment building had a bad infestation but was supposely taken care of. But I am not sure if that is where they came from because my family travels alot. Can't just blame the mother-in-law, want to, but can't. I have started the alcohol treatment on the bed every morning and every night. Just spraying the alcohol is giving me peace of mind right now until we make a decision on the professional idea. Everyone's comments have been very helpful. Thanks